En la actualidad el bartender es mucho más que la imagen pública del bar. Es el experto en mezclar los cócteles de manera precisa. Un alquimista que conoce todos los secretos que tiene el fascinante universo de la coctelería.
Esta actividad comenzó hace dos mil años. Algunos registros datan de la época de Julio César. Las posadas, llamadas Termopolios estaban ubicadas a lo largo de las rutas del comercio y transporte más importantes. La mayoría de los posaderos (tal la denominación del bartender en esa época) preparaban sus propias bebidas y eran dueños de tabernas o posadas.
Los clientes más asiduos eran comerciantes que recorrían las extensas rutas que interconectaban el Imperio Romano.
En Inglaterra, Alemania e Irlanda los bartenders eran terratenientes, lo que demostraba su alta posición en la sociedad. No solo preparaban cócteles. Sino que ellos mismos elaboraban el licor. Su actividad era considerada de élite.
Jerry Thomas, apodado “El Profesor” (1830-1885), es conocido como el padre de la coctelería moderna y uno de los referentes más importantes de la historia.
Fué el primer flairbartender. Su arte y espectacularidad establecieron la imagen del bartender como un profesional creativo.
Es el autor del primer libro publicado sobre coctelería en 1862, la guía mixológica titulada “The Bon Vivant’s Companion or How to mix drinks”. Libro que hoy en día continúa siendo uno de los pilares en el mundo de la coctelería y la mixología. Sus dos grandes creaciones fueron: Tom & Jerry y Blue Blazer, el primer cóctel flambeado de la historia.
Ada Coleman (1875 -1966) fue la primera mujer bartender. Trabajó en uno de los hoteles Londinenses más famosos, ‘The Savoy’s American Bar’ en 1899.
Su talento, tenacidad y el gen creativo la llevó a ser reconocida por la International Bartenders Association, ente que reconoce la labor de los mejores en su especialidad, como la bartender más importante de la historia.
Su creación mas afamada es el cóctel Hanky Panky.
Mixólogo es el experto en crear nuevas combinaciones de bebidas. También utiliza recetas tradicionales, y las reinterpreta mezclando equilibradamente los sabores.
El término “mixologist” proviene del inglés. Se conoció por primera vez en 1856. Fué utilizado para destacar a los bartenders originales y creativos de la época.
Los mixólogos son verdaderos creativos. Mezclan sabores, crean bebidas y ganan concursos.
Acceden a conocimientos químicos y físicos que trascienden los límites de la coctelería convencional, por ejemplo la mixología molecular.
El flairtending, también conocido como flair, es la modalidad acrobática de la coctelería. Desde los 80 viene teniendo una gran relevancia dentro del mundo de los bartenders.
En el show de flair se puede llegar a utilizar botellas, cocteleras y mezcladoras, entre otros elementos. El Bartender combina la elaboración de exquisitas mezclas con un espectáculo acrobático que contiene música, coreografía y humor. Estas exhibiciones inspiraron a varios films, entre los que se encuentran Cocktail y Coyote Ugly.
Existen competiciones de flair en todo el mundo. Los participantes son evaluados por un jurado técnico. En los mismos se observan las rutinas coreográficas, velocidad, interacción con el público, precisiones de servicios, música y el estilo de los concursantes. Asimismo se califica la apariencia y el sabor de los cócteles.
La coctelería es tan interesante que hasta tiene un museo.
The Museum of the American Cocktail (El Museo del Cóctel Americano), con sede en New Orleans, Luisiana; Es una organización sin fines de lucro dedicada a la educación en mixología y a la preservación de la historia del cóctel.
Anualmente presenta los American Cocktail Awards (los “Olives”), junto con el United States Bartenders Guild.
El Museo fue fundado en octubre de 2004 por Dale y Jill DeGroff, Robert Hess , Philip Greene, Ted Haigh, Anistatia Miller, Jared Brown, Chris McMillian , Laura McMillian y un grupo de expertos en bebidas espirituosas, escritores e historiadores de cócteles.
La organización brinda recursos didácticos en mixología a través de exhibiciones, seminarios, publicaciones y eventos. Los visitantes pueden conocer la historia del cóctel y la forma en que ha influido en la música, el teatro, el cine y la política en todo el mundo, a travès de la historia.
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