Por Calista Martínez Zubiría
El estampado de lunares es un patrón textil conformado por figuras de círculos esparcidos sobre una tela lisa. No necesariamente tienen por qué ser del mismo tamaño, color, ni estar separados por las mismas distancias. Pueden ser muy variados y presentarse en diferentes colores y texturas.
La historia de este print (prenda) se remonta a finales del siglo XVIII y a principios del XlX.
Algunas telas presentaban circulos, por un error en el estampado.
A los mismos los denominaron lunares o topos, ya que se asemejaban a los agujeros que hacían en los jardines.
Por las “fallas”, las telas a lunares eran vendidas a muy bajo precio a personas de condición humilde, especialmente a los gitanos y bailarinas flamencas.
El print lejos de pasar desapercibido llamó la atención de la clase alta quien la adoptó de inmediato.
En 1929 se convirtió en el típico traje andaluz y uniforme popular en la Feria de Abril, que se celebra en Andalucía, en la provincia de Sevilla. La tradición continúa hoy en día.
El estampado a lunares es conocido en todo el mundo como Polka Dots.
El término, originario de la República Checa, fue creado en 1830, en la región de Bohemia, por la danza popular polka.
Ese mismo año la revista Godeys Ladys Book comenzó a utilizar la denominación Polka Dots para identificar estos diseños. Inmediatamente se impuso como moda, siendo furor en mangas, tocados y vestidos completos.
“Los lunares se asocian al sexo femenino debido a la periodicidad de la luna. El significado es ambivalente y evoca el poder y la sensualidad del género femenino”
Años después se popularizó en Europa y Estados Unidos con la llegada de inmigrantes. La danza tomó tanta fuerza que se crearon clubes de Polka. Las bailarinas idearon un atuendo especial en el cual el estampado de lunares era el protagonista, junto con las chaquetas ajustadas y faldas.
El resurgimiento del estilo Polka Dot en Estados Unidos comenzó en 1926, cuando Miss América, Norma Smallwood, fue retratada posando con un traje de baño de lunares.
La imagen provocó un gran escándalo. A partir de ese hecho la vestimenta a lunares se convirtió en un símbolo del feminismo.
En 1942 surgió un famoso afiche que representa la figura emblemática de una trabajadora de la producción en el periodo de la guerra, mostrando un brazo, con un pañuelo de lunares en la cabeza. El mismo contenía el slogan “We can do it!”(Podemos hacerlo).
El cartel era una propaganda estadounidense de la II Guerra Mundial. La propulsora de este afiche fue la empresa Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, quien solicitó al artista J. Howard Miller que creara una imagen que incentivara el trabajo femenino. El afiche se convirtió en un símbolo revolucionario y feminista de la época, acompañando la transformación de empoderamiento de la mujer en la sociedad americana.
Gran cantidad de diseñadores de alta costura se han sumado al aire retro de los dolka dots, dedicándole colecciones enteras .Christian Dior, Carolina Herrera, Oscar de la Renta, Michael Kors, y Galliano han apostado todo a los looks de lunares en vestidos, camisas, pantalones y faldas.
El oufit incluye desde fantásticos vestidos de gala hasta diseños casuales, sin olvidar complementos y accesorios. Los lunares se atreven a todo. Ya sea en tamaño XXL como en versión mini, de tintes futuristas, troquelados o confeccionados con aplicaciones de perlas como lo impuso Chanel.
“En los años 50 comenzaron a verse los estampados geométricos en colores muy llamativos. Los mismos se usaban en vestidos ajustados, con los hombros al descubierto”
Por supuesto, la moda también llegó en el esplendor de Hollywood. Actrices top de la época como Elizabeth Taylor y Marilyn Monroe lucían sus modelos a lunares convirtiéndose de inmediato en embajadoras de este estilo.
Las series televisivas han sucumbido al encanto de los lunares, demostrando su permanente vigencia. Es así que los modelos más fascinantes de dolka dots se lucen en la pantalla chica.
Los dolka dots son los favoritos de las actrices a la hora de mostrar su amor por la moda. En cualquier tipo de eventos los lunares son la clave del outfit original.
El touch retro de los lunares son las preferidas de las cantantes. Su estilo marca tendencia, convirtiéndolas en Influencers de la sofisticación.
El estilo dolka dots ha irrumpido en el universo masculino con gran ímpetu. Trajes, camisas y corbatas fueron invadidas por lunares que lograron romper los moldes convencionales.
Los estampados de lunares son tendencia. Vestidos, camisas, faldas, pantalones y accesorios continúan llenándose de puntos.
Para aquellas personas que les gusta la moda de lunares, pero que aún no se han atrevido a incorporarla a su vestuario, va esta sugerencia como dato clave:
Un aporte vital es el que realiza el clásico “blanco y negro” al cual consideran como el detalle perfecto para el outfit por lo sobrio y elegante en diseños minimalistas.
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