La sonrisa es una de las herramientas más importantes que tenemos para generar empatía.
Es una de las respuestas instintivas que nos caracteriza, la expresión más notoria de la alegría y la felicidad.
El ser humano según se va haciendo mayor reduce drásticamente el número de veces que sonríe al cabo del día.
Diversos estudios demuestran que los niños sonríen una media de 300/400 veces diarias, mientras que los adultos lo hacen entre 40/50. Este hecho, aparte de los múltiples efectos negativos que tiene sobre la salud (se reduce el sistema inmune, aumenta el estrés, disminuye la sensación de felicidad), tiene graves consecuencias en el desarrollo de las relaciones personales y profesionales.
“La sonrisa es una curva que lo endereza todo”
Phyllis diller
Es aconsejable sonreír siempre que se quiere conseguir algo de alguien. De esta manera, la persona se mostrará mucho más abierta a hacerlo.
Está demostrado que las mujeres sonríen mucho más que los hombres, por lo tanto si el hombre pretendiera ser más persuasivo, debería sonreír más de lo habitual.
Sonreír libera endorfinas, serotonina y otras sustancias naturales que contribuyen al bienestar, tal y como se produce en otras actividades como el ejercicio físico. Así mismo, la sonrisa también reduce los niveles de hormonas, responsables del estrés como el cortisol, o la propia adrenalina.
El acto de sonreír es una de las herramientas que poseen las personas para favorecer la relajación. Sonreír distiende y relativiza, de forma que la sonrisa posibilita tranquilizar una situación de tensión.
Por ello, sonreír también es una buena estrategia para prevenir la tristeza y la depresión, al generar estados de ánimo positivos y placenteros. En este sentido, la sonrisa es también un excelente mecanismo de homeostasis fisiológica: sonreír es una forma de restablecer tanto el equilibrio fisiológico como psicológico.
Sin dudas, sonreír nos hace más atractivos. Un estudio de la Universidad de Rochester analizó el juicio del atractivo físico a través de la muestra de diferentes fotografías de personas a 100 estudiantes universitarios, concluyendo que las personas que aparecen sonriendo se perciben como más atractivas.
Efectivamente, el poder seductor de una sonrisa es incuestionable, pero, además, a nivel social, una sonrisa es sinónimo de confiabilidad, sinceridad y serenidad. En este sentido, la sonrisa también se asocia con el carisma y la credibilidad.
Por supuesto, la sonrisa también es contagiosa, lo que nos ofrece diversos beneficios en nuestras relaciones con los demás, estableciéndose un feedback emocional. Nos sentimos mejor cuando vemos a gente sonreír a nuestro alrededor, y hacemos que los demás se sientan mejor cuando nos ven sonreír.
Un estudio ahonda en el poder contagioso de la sonrisa investigando el comportamiento de la gente en los entornos públicos cuando ven expresiones faciales como fruncir el ceño, o la propia sonrisa: “más de la mitad de las personas respondieron con una sonrisa ante una sonrisa de un desconocido, mientras que pocos respondieron a un ceño fruncido de igual manera”
El anatomista francés Guillaume Duchenne fue uno de los precursores en el estudio de las expresiones faciales haciendo especial énfasis en el análisis de la sonrisa.
Duchenne puso las bases del estudio físico y psicológico de la sonrisa en su libro Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine (1862).
A partir de esta obra se acuñó el término ‘sonrisa de Duchenne’ como sinónimo de sonrisa honesta asociada al placer y a la felicidad, la cual, a nivel físico, supone no solo el empleo de los músculos de la boca, sino también de los ojos. Esta distinción abrió el camino para diferenciar la sonrisa verdadera de la ‘falsa’ sonrisa.
Según Duchenne, se puede detectar el tipo de sonrisa mirando a los ojos: la sonrisa falsa es producida por una activación muscular voluntaria mientras que la sonrisa verdadera se debe a un impulso de los ganglios basales del cerebro como respuesta a procesos del sistema límbico. En síntesis: la boca puede fingir, los ojos no.
Cuando uno sonríe el cerebro se oxigena, el sistema límbico se activa y con ello facilita las funciones de retención de memoria.
Lo ideal es tratar de provocar una sonrisa antes de contar alguna anécdota, o algo que se pretenda que la gente recuerde, ya su cerebro se encuentra más preparado para codificar, retener y recuperar esa información.
Fuente: emagister – Marina Fernandez – David Rubio – publico.es.psicologia-y-mente
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