El contacto visual es una vía de comunicación potente. A través del mismo se envían mensajes que ejercen una gran influencia en todo tipo de encuentros.
Forman parte de un apasionante mundo por descifrar, y de la comunicación entre líneas, que marca la percepción mutua. Por ello es vital conocer cuáles son los secretos de los diferentes tipos de miradas.
1: Trayectoria de la mirada. Existen 3 tipos de miradas: La mirada social, la mirada de poder y la mirada íntima.
Mirada de poder. La mirada de poder se compone de un triángulo que va de un ojo al otro ojo, y luego a la frente. Es el recorrido que tiende a hacer nuestra mirada en contextos profesionales. Las miradas de este tipo indican que la otra persona nos percibe desde la distancia de una relación puramente profesional.
Mirada social. En segundo lugar, la mirada social forma también un triángulo pero invertido. El recorrido va de un ojo al otro ojo y a la boca. En contextos sociales verás este tipo de mirada constantemente, sobre todo en la medida en que vamos ganando confianza con la otra persona. Las miradas hablan, y lo que esta mirada dice es que la otra persona se siente a gusto hablando contigo.
Mirada íntima. Esta mirada forma un triángulo similar al anterior pero más amplio. El recorrido va de un ojo al otro ojo y al pecho, poco más abajo de la altura de los hombros.
2. La pupilometría consiste en el estudio de los factores psicológicos que afectan la respuesta pupilar. El comportamiento al que hay que prestarle atención es a la dilatación de las pupilas de la persona que tenemos delante.
Las pupilas se dilatan cuando se siente excitación, entusiasmo y deseo. No es un mero indicador de que algo nos gusta, sino que implica una preparación para lo que tenemos delante o que se nos está planteando. En la comunicación no verbal, la mirada no miente.
“Los ojos son el punto donde se mezclan alma y cuerpo” Friedrich Hebbel
3. Entrecerrar los ojos. Cuando entrecerramos los ojos, estamos llevando a cabo un comportamiento de barrera, similar al bloqueo ocular. Suele producirse cuando no nos gusta lo que vemos, e incluso puede vincularse a la ira como emoción.
Cuando una persona te está juzgando negativamente o te está criticando en su interior, es habitual que veas este comportamiento ocular concreto.
Es también un gesto habitual en personas con miopía, porque al reducir el campo de visión, se enfoca ligeramente la imagen. Excluyendo esos casos, el hecho de entrecerrar los ojos suele ser una señal de valoración negativa.
4. Levantar las cejas. El gesto facial de levantar las cejas es de los más frecuentes en la comunicación. En este gesto, ojos y cejas entran en juego para transmitir una emoción. Habitualmente se realiza como gesto de sorpresa una persona que ve u oye algo inesperado que lo ha sorprendido.
5. El bloqueo de la mirada. Otro gesto crucial a la hora de interpretar el lenguaje de los ojos. El mismo consiste en bloquear, de algún modo, la visión que tenemos delante. Esto se realiza de diferentes maneras. Puede ser frotándose un ojo, arreglarse el cabello por delante de la visión, etc. El objetivo es introducir una barrera visual, de forma muy sutil, a la visión.
6. La mirada desde arriba. Es el gesto de quien apunta con su mentón a otra persona, ya sea en un movimiento corto o como postura constante en una interacción, mirando desde arriba. Sobre todo, cuando viene acompañado de una expresión facial apática lleva implícita a la ira, como emoción oculta.
7. Miradas con gafas. Es el gesto de mirar a la cara de la gente por encima de las gafas. Hacer esto te lleva inconscientemente a reproducir un comportamiento corporal de enfrentamiento, que es el propio de quien apunta con la frente. Se lo relaciona con la actitud intimidante que realizan los toros antes de embestir.
Fuente: 30K couching. Sandra Burgos
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