Por Mauna Loa
Las impresionantes esferas de piedra de Costa Rica conforman un conjunto de más de 500 petroesferas precolombinas que provienen de la cultura del Diquís. Se estima que estas notables creaciones fueron confeccionadas en un período que abarca desde el año 400 A.C. hasta el 1500 D.C., aunque aún no se ha logrado determinar científicamente la técnica escultórica utilizada en su elaboración.
Estas esferas son ampliamente reconocidas como la máxima expresión artística de la escultura precolombina en Costa Rica. Varían en tamaño, desde las más pequeñas con un diámetro de apenas 10 cm hasta las más imponentes que superan los 2 metros de diámetro y pesan más de 16 toneladas.
Fueron labradas a partir de imponentes bloques de diversas piedras ígneas, como el gabro, la granodiorita y la andesita, además de rocas sedimentarias de tipo calizo y arenisca.
En su mayoría, las esferas se localizan en el sur de Costa Rica, específicamente en la llanura aluvial del Delta del Diquís, la península de Osa y la Isla del Caño. Esta región forma parte del distrito de Sierpe, dentro del cantón de Osa.
Uno de los enigmas que persisten se relaciona con las herramientas empleadas por las antiguas sociedades indígenas, ya que las condiciones tecnológicas de la época no parecían propiciar la creación de estas esferas con acabados tan refinados y casi perfectos.
Otro misterio es el propósito detrás de la disposición de este conjunto de esferas, que en apariencia formaban alineaciones o figuras geométricas.
Existen varias teorías, aunque aún no se ha logrado determinar con certeza la función que desempeñaban estas misteriosas piedras esféricas. Los estudios arqueológicos sugieren que las esferas de piedra fueron creadas por las sociedades cacicales que habitaban el Delta del Diquís, con propósitos de índole ideológica, política y ceremonial.
Diversas líneas de investigación sobre su origen sostienen que se les atribuyeron diversos significados, que van desde interpretaciones esotéricas y su relación con extraterrestres hasta la posibilidad de ser utilizadas en jardines astronómicos con fines de calendarizar ciclos agrícolas.
Una de las hipótesis, elaborada a través de la reconstrucción etnohistórica, apunta a un significado religioso y mítico que se vincula con Tlachque, el Dios del trueno, así como con los Dioses del viento y los huracanes (serkes) de la mitología talamanqueña.
A través de los años diferentes estudios realizados sobre las esferas han sostenido:
⇒ Fueron realizadas por descendientes de la mítica Atlántida.
⇒ Eran puertas dimensionales.
⇒ Se utilizaban como fuentes de energía y bienestar.
⇒Eran dispositivos de equilibrios tectónicos.
⇒ formarían parte de ejes energéticos. complementarios a Nazca y la isla de Pascua.
El descubrimiento de las esferas de piedra fue totalmente fortuito. Fue en 1939 cuando se encontraron por primera vez, durante las operaciones de deforestación realizadas por la empresa United Fruit, que tenía la intención de establecer plantaciones de bananos en la zona.
En un reconocimiento a su valor histórico y cultural, en 2014 la UNESCO reconoció este conjunto de asentamientos precolombinos con esferas de piedra del Diquís como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Ese mismo año, la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica las designó como Símbolo Nacional del país.
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