Por Mauna Loa
Las esferas de piedra de Costa Rica son un grupo de más de 500 petroesferas precolombinas de la cultura del Diquís.
Se estima que las esferas se realizaron durante un periodo que va de entre el 400 A.C. hasta el 1500 D.C., pero el trabajo escultórico aún no ha podido ser determinado científicamente.
Están consideradas como la manifestación artística por excelencia de la escultura precolombina costarricense.
Las más pequeñas tienen un diámetro de 10 cm; las más grandes tienen más de 2 metros y pesan más de 16 toneladas.
Fueron trabajadas a partir de grandes bloques de piedra ígnea como gabro, granodiorita y andesita, así como rocas sedimentarias de tipo calizo y arenisco.
Principalmente se encuentran en el sur de Costa Rica, en la llanura aluvial del Delta del Diquís, en la península de Osa y en la Isla del Caño. La zona pertenece al distrito de Sierpe, en el cantón de Osa.
Uno de los misterios radica en que herramientas utilizaban las sociedades indígenas, ya que no estaban dadas las condiciones tecnológicas para esculpirlas de forma casi perfecta, con acabados muy finos.
Otra incógnita es el motivo de la distribución del conjuntos de esferas, que aparentemente formaban alineaciones o figuras geométricas.
Hay distintas teorías, pero no se sabe con certeza qué función cumplían estas piedras esféricas.
Estudios arqueológicos sugieren que las esferas de piedra fueron creadas por las sociedades cacicales del Delta del Diquís, con fines ideológicos, políticos y ceremoniales.
Algunas lineas de investigación acerca de su origen sostienen que les atribuyeron distintos significados; desde esotéricos, relación con extraterrestres hasta jardines astronómicos con fines de calendarizar ciclos agrícolas.
Una de las hipótesis, elaborada mediante reconstrucción etnohistórica, apunta a un significado mítico religioso que se relaciona con Tlachque, Dios del trueno, los Dioses del viento y los huracanes (serkes) de la mitología talamanqueña.
A través de los años diferentes estudios realizados sobre las esferas han sostenido:
⇒ Fueron realizadas por descendientes de la mítica Atlántida.
⇒ Eran puertas dimensionales.
⇒ Se utilizaban como fuentes de energía y bienestar.
⇒Eran dispositivos de equilibrios tectónicos.
⇒ formarían parte de ejes energéticos. complementarios a Nazca y la isla de Pascua.
Su descubrimiento fue accidental. Las esferas de piedra fueron halladas recién en 1939, cuando la empresa United Fruit comenzó a deforestar parte de la selva para plantar bananos.
En 2014, la Unesco eligió el conjunto de asentamientos precolombinos con esferas de piedra de Diquís como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Y el mismo año, la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica las declaró Símbolo Nacional del país.
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