El vino blanco se elabora a partir de mosto de uvas blancas o tintas, siempre y cuando, estas últimas no presenten pulpa coloreada y no se sometan a maceración con sus hollejos.
Un vino blanco se caracteriza por lo tanto, por su elaboración “en virgen”, término con el que se define en enología a la fermentación del mosto en ausencia de partes sólidas.
⇒ Ligeros y secos. Vinos jóvenes y ácidos, sin cuerpo, raramente añejados en barricas de roble, no suelen ser aptos para envejecer.
⇒ Secos y amplios. Tienen más cuerpo y pueden envejecer en bastantes casos en barrica o botella. Aunque técnicamente son secos pueden tener cierta dulzura.
⇒ Secos y concentrados. Más complejos y con más cuerpo, mejoran si son añejados en barrica y botella, este grupo incluye los mejores vinos blancos no especiales.
⇒ Aromáticos. Son los procedentes de determinadas variedades que destacan por sus aromas, siendo secos o semisecos.
⇒ Semisecos. Sin ser dulces, son los embotellados antes de que la totalidad del azúcar se haya transformado en alcohol.
⇒ Dulces y licorosos. Intensamente concentrados, con cuerpo y complejos.
Estos vinos sobresalen por sus aromas frutales de manzana verde, piña, limón y apio, redondeados con un acabado dulce, con notas de coco o caramelo.
El sabor puede varíar en función de su vejez, por ello los vinos jóvenes suelen tener sabores asociados a frutos secos. Otra característica del Chardonnay es que suelen oscilar entre dulce y seco
Son famosos por su variedad de sabores que, dependiendo del microclima del terruño, van desde los matices herbales, hasta las notas de frutas ácidas. Su maduración produce aromas más pronunciadas como el durazno y nectarina. La tendencia es a un vino de mayor acidez, sabores hierbales y de frutas tropicales, con climas más fríos. En cambio, en los climas más cálidos se imponen los sabores frutales.
El pinot gris alemán es más corpóreo y su balance acidez-dulzor es leve. Los de California son más ligeros y ofrecen refrescantes notas a rúcula y pimienta, en tanto que los de Oregón son de cuerpo medio, bouquet a manzanas, peras y melón. El Italiano en cambio es de color claro, cuerpo ligero y sabor algo ácido.
Entre sus principales características se encuentran su particular sabor dulce, con una acidez muy tenue por lo cual se recomienda que se beba cuando el vino es aún joven. Son vinos agradables, de cuerpo ligero que se suelen degustar como aperitivo.
Ciertas condiciones climáticas, entre ellas la luz, son necesarias para conseguir que la uva impregne perfectamente sus sabores al vino, de esta manera se consiguen aromas con tendencia a ser afrutados, que se asemejan al de manzana o el durazno. Asimismo pueden encontrarse notas de miel, nueces o avellanas.
Este vino se caracteriza principalmente por el equilibrio entre el contenido de alcohol, dulzor y acidez. Ofrece notas de miel, lima, manzanas verdes, albaricoque y minerales terrosos. Es una variante más ligera del Chardonnay.
Es uno de los vinos que tiene un punto de acidez totalmente equilibrado y una amplia variedad de aromas. Los mismos van desde manzanas, albaricoque o cítricos, pasando por tonos florales como el jazmín, y terminando en notas herbáceas.
Suele ser dulce, con sabor afrutado con notas de azahares, pera japonesa, cerezas blancas y lilas, posee aroma almizclado. Esta uva se utiliza especialmente para preparar vinos dulces, pues tiene un alto contenido en azúcar. Es por ello que es un vino recomendado para tomar con postres
Tienden a tener un perfil de sabores más picante y pesado, que el de otros tipos. Es uno de los vinos blancos más exquisitos, apreciado por su longevidad. Esta uva se encuentra en la localidad de Sauternes (Francia). Es aquí donde el clima permite que en la mayoría de los viñedos se sobremadure la uva, dando origen a los vinos más dulces del mundo.
Gewürz en alemán significa picante y, a menudo, se califican de esta forma los vinos elaborados con esta variedad. Muy aromática, tiene un aroma fácil de reconocer, perfumado, floral, especiado a frutas exóticas. Intensa presencia en boca, con suave acidez. Se destaca por su fuerza alcohólica, que puede alcanzar los 14º. Por su gran potencial aromático en ocasiones se la confunde con la uva Moscatel, aunque su riqueza de aromas va más allá con notas de frutas exóticas, flores, especias y un toque picante. Son vinos frescos, ligeros, de baja acidez con matices muy frutales y florales.
El Torrontés es un vino amarillo claro que ocasionalmente desarrolla matices dorados y verdes. Se caracteriza por su aroma a flores como la rosa y el jazmín . Si bien sus aromas anticipan un vino dulce, su sabor revela una fresca acidez. Se encuentra únicamente en Argentina y se consolida como la firma del vino blanco del país que ha logrado un notable reconocimiento internacional gracias a su alto valor enológico.
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